{"id":31129,"date":"2024-12-02T12:53:22","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T11:53:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.skopos-nova.de\/?page_id=31129"},"modified":"2026-06-18T10:56:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T08:56:58","slug":"card-sorting-tree-testing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.skopos-nova.de\/en\/services\/ux-evaluation\/card-sorting-tree-testing","title":{"rendered":"Card Sorting &#038; Tree Testing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m35pi745-53bbc2b4ab9529a65132964369aa4e93\">\n.avia-section.av-m35pi745-53bbc2b4ab9529a65132964369aa4e93{\nbackground-color:#000000;\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.avia-section.av-m35pi745-53bbc2b4ab9529a65132964369aa4e93 .av-extra-border-element .av-extra-border-inner{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-m35pi745-53bbc2b4ab9529a65132964369aa4e93 main_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-2vw av-height-percent_width  container_wrap fullsize'   data-av_minimum_height_pc='2' data-av_min_height_opt='percent_width'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m3pmvpsi-06d186f243a45af1b6f96ed034c88f4a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-m3pmvpsi-06d186f243a45af1b6f96ed034c88f4a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:15px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m3pmvpsi-06d186f243a45af1b6f96ed034c88f4a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 1.5rem; color: white;\">Services &gt; <a class=\"tree-service\" href=\"\/en\/services\/ux-evaluation\">UX Evaluation<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-tsrgrh-41a86dde4e5d202cfea6ea2945a1c311\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-tsrgrh-41a86dde4e5d202cfea6ea2945a1c311{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-tsrgrh-41a86dde4e5d202cfea6ea2945a1c311 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><div class='av-extra-border-element border-extra-diagonal border-extra-diagonal-inverse '><div class='av-extra-border-outer'><div class='av-extra-border-inner'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5srjmfx-cabd09d44bee9d42fa6644af908dff6d\">\n.avia-section.av-5srjmfx-cabd09d44bee9d42fa6644af908dff6d{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:-100px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-5srjmfx-cabd09d44bee9d42fa6644af908dff6d main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-5f31uu5-20f88efd499b443a06ea0bb818b575b9 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-animated-generic pop-up  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-99nvc3h-fa56e73240bbd239af6b2c7c8287ae58 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center; color: #ff9c1b;\"><strong> <span class=\"nova-orange-black\"> UX Evaluation<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-vx38il-da497299284e3babc730670ba8474e14 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Card Sorting &amp; Tree Testing<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8xyxvel-9ade910bfe9d2cdeb5bb12083f1df612\">\n#top .hr.av-8xyxvel-9ade910bfe9d2cdeb5bb12083f1df612{\nmargin-top:-10px;\nmargin-bottom:20px;\n}\n.hr.av-8xyxvel-9ade910bfe9d2cdeb5bb12083f1df612 .hr-inner{\nwidth:250px;\nborder-color:#00e997;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-8xyxvel-9ade910bfe9d2cdeb5bb12083f1df612 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  hr-center hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mqj9jl0r-90eedc51cdf71e3dcdf6ee6748c6ff04 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Card Sorting and Tree Testing are complementary methods for optimizing the information architecture of digital products. Card Sorting captures how users mentally group content; Tree Testing then checks whether a developed navigation structure works in practice. Together they ensure that navigation structures correspond to the actual mental model of the target group.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqj9j8sq-9bd631a606c64211543e6bcf212577f2\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-mqj9j8sq-9bd631a606c64211543e6bcf212577f2{\nheight:70px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-mqj9j8sq-9bd631a606c64211543e6bcf212577f2 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-16qgq59-9c1157d2e45b9580461f89e80387fc4a\">\n.avia-section.av-16qgq59-9c1157d2e45b9580461f89e80387fc4a{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.avia-section.av-16qgq59-9c1157d2e45b9580461f89e80387fc4a .av-extra-border-element .av-extra-border-inner{\nbackground-color:#0d2b43;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-16qgq59-9c1157d2e45b9580461f89e80387fc4a main_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-10vw av-height-percent_width  container_wrap fullsize'   data-av_minimum_height_pc='10' data-av_min_height_opt='percent_width'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lxua3h-21cfd3a2068acdcad8ab4deb27b40fb9\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-lxua3h-21cfd3a2068acdcad8ab4deb27b40fb9{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-lxua3h-21cfd3a2068acdcad8ab4deb27b40fb9 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-11  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><div class='av-extra-border-element border-extra-diagonal border-extra-diagonal-inverse '><div class='av-extra-border-outer'><div class='av-extra-border-inner'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-41odd31-0e56d5cb8901fcdd80d15e581679d7d7\">\n.avia-section.av-41odd31-0e56d5cb8901fcdd80d15e581679d7d7{\nbackground-color:#0d2b43;\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:-40px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_4'  class='avia-section av-41odd31-0e56d5cb8901fcdd80d15e581679d7d7 main_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1iavan1-3489b1986bddd2a3bb96a8ee189bfa1f av_one_full  avia-builder-el-13  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-animated-generic pop-up  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-auaa0t-7932c65998471621c262e42c423ee4c6\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-auaa0t-7932c65998471621c262e42c423ee4c6{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-auaa0t-7932c65998471621c262e42c423ee4c6 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-14  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m35bns2i-e8727408d46723b6fd450f8913d3e02b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-m35bns2i-e8727408d46723b6fd450f8913d3e02b .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:17px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m35bns2i-e8727408d46723b6fd450f8913d3e02b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"color: white;\">Effective navigation: how cluttered menus can impair the user experience<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-n14w0t-6f52a4da9cba5e4b2ee13fbf9ce45ede\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-n14w0t-6f52a4da9cba5e4b2ee13fbf9ce45ede .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-n14w0t-6f52a4da9cba5e4b2ee13fbf9ce45ede '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 600;\">Websites tend to develop their navigational structures according to the immediate needs of the company. New products and content are often integrated into the existing menus without keeping an eye on the big picture. This often leads to cluttered structures with too many menu items that users can hardly find their way around in. The reason for this is that the development process does not focus on the users&#8217; mental model, but on the company&#8217;s internal organization.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3nmu7bx-f5c27b819740906f33e0e9b029908559\">\n.avia-section.av-3nmu7bx-f5c27b819740906f33e0e9b029908559{\nbackground-color:#0d2b43;\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.avia-section.av-3nmu7bx-f5c27b819740906f33e0e9b029908559 .av-extra-border-element .av-extra-border-inner{\nbackground-color:#f2f2f2;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_5'  class='avia-section av-3nmu7bx-f5c27b819740906f33e0e9b029908559 main_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-10vw av-height-percent_width  container_wrap fullsize'   data-av_minimum_height_pc='10' data-av_min_height_opt='percent_width'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-33103kt-eea1937c6ba1054dd9f079a3bfef2a03\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-33103kt-eea1937c6ba1054dd9f079a3bfef2a03{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-33103kt-eea1937c6ba1054dd9f079a3bfef2a03 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-18  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><div class='av-extra-border-element border-extra-diagonal border-extra-diagonal-inverse '><div class='av-extra-border-outer'><div class='av-extra-border-inner'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2ggupa5-31a46e6836750adf61a24c71dbb8ca99\">\n.avia-section.av-2ggupa5-31a46e6836750adf61a24c71dbb8ca99{\nbackground-color:#f2f2f2;\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:-40px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_6'  class='avia-section av-2ggupa5-31a46e6836750adf61a24c71dbb8ca99 main_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-29jkial-803afc4d940da79fcca0445f1e274246 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-20  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-animated-generic pop-up  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-29m4o71-38034d5b42ae84c91f358d70df9f0ae8\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-29m4o71-38034d5b42ae84c91f358d70df9f0ae8{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-29m4o71-38034d5b42ae84c91f358d70df9f0ae8 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-21  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ttar7h-4511304baff02ee9cea4a8303353c085 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>How card sorting and tree testing effectively improve your information architecture<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1q9d2xp-8cbeb18e82806005aede0b4092c3c7e0\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-1q9d2xp-8cbeb18e82806005aede0b4092c3c7e0 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1q9d2xp-8cbeb18e82806005aede0b4092c3c7e0 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>With the help of our combined card sorting and tree testing approach, we can collect user input on your existing or newly developed navigation structure. Card sorting allows you to understand which content users associate with each other and how they group, organize, structure, and label them. The extent to which this organization proves to be applicable in practice can be examined with the help of a tree test, in which users go through the website based on search tasks, so that insights can be gained into the order of topics and the effort required to achieve a goal.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1b0nztp-3bf6a9f0315c8cb6f29f917c5d54e5e1\">\n.avia-section.av-1b0nztp-3bf6a9f0315c8cb6f29f917c5d54e5e1{\nbackground-color:#f2f2f2;\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.avia-section.av-1b0nztp-3bf6a9f0315c8cb6f29f917c5d54e5e1 .av-extra-border-element .av-extra-border-inner{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_7'  class='avia-section av-1b0nztp-3bf6a9f0315c8cb6f29f917c5d54e5e1 main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-10vw av-height-percent_width  container_wrap fullsize'   data-av_minimum_height_pc='10' data-av_min_height_opt='percent_width'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vul7rx-b376caedbd762e6dfc6df9401ca94036\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-vul7rx-b376caedbd762e6dfc6df9401ca94036{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-vul7rx-b376caedbd762e6dfc6df9401ca94036 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-25  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><div class='av-extra-border-element border-extra-diagonal border-extra-diagonal-inverse '><div class='av-extra-border-outer'><div class='av-extra-border-inner'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-30c70m5-2b68a1f9e706f1c06d140e6832ab03fe\">\n.avia-section.av-30c70m5-2b68a1f9e706f1c06d140e6832ab03fe{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:-40px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_8'  class='avia-section av-30c70m5-2b68a1f9e706f1c06d140e6832ab03fe main_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-19gkyn1-8887b302c2a7eda719853acf4b4db1fa\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-19gkyn1-8887b302c2a7eda719853acf4b4db1fa{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-19gkyn1-8887b302c2a7eda719853acf4b4db1fa hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-27  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-m3rcshqf-0df77784d84a01dd23774407946b51b4 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-animated-generic pop-up  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-m35br1or-4890f0d7f1235b3591c80db7d8784e97 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>We don&#8217;t leave the intuitive information architecture to chance<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div class='flex_column_table av-5gg1tx9-8dae3f8841a461c98f65400a761e7474 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5gg1tx9-8dae3f8841a461c98f65400a761e7474\">\n.flex_column.av-5gg1tx9-8dae3f8841a461c98f65400a761e7474{\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\npadding:20px 0 0 0;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 990px){ \n.flex_column.av-5gg1tx9-8dae3f8841a461c98f65400a761e7474{\npadding:20px 0 0 0;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n.flex_column.av-5gg1tx9-8dae3f8841a461c98f65400a761e7474{\npadding:20px 0 0 0;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n.flex_column.av-5gg1tx9-8dae3f8841a461c98f65400a761e7474{\npadding:20px 0 0 0;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n.flex_column.av-5gg1tx9-8dae3f8841a461c98f65400a761e7474{\npadding:20px 0 0 0;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-5gg1tx9-8dae3f8841a461c98f65400a761e7474 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-30  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first no_margin flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-animated-generic pop-up  column-top-margin'     ><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_section-e1e536b39bc3dbceeaefbda690801d63\">\n.avia-section.av-av_section-e1e536b39bc3dbceeaefbda690801d63{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n.avia-section.av-av_section-e1e536b39bc3dbceeaefbda690801d63 .av-extra-border-element .av-extra-border-inner{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_9'  class='avia-section av-av_section-e1e536b39bc3dbceeaefbda690801d63 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  inclined-lines-nova avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-5vw av-height-percent_width  container_wrap fullsize'   data-av_minimum_height_pc='5' data-av_min_height_opt='percent_width'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-33  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><div class='av-extra-border-element border-extra-diagonal border-extra-diagonal-inverse '><div class='av-extra-border-outer'><div class='av-extra-border-inner'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_10'  class='avia-section av-av_section-e4ef95e6d64daa5d43c9bd2540e73530 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-870f573001fb26fb38224e4bed2de2a9\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-870f573001fb26fb38224e4bed2de2a9{\nheight:60px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-870f573001fb26fb38224e4bed2de2a9 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-35  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-7491b8051d5afd75714dec0046e8df32 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">FAQ<span style=\"text-transform: lowercase;\">s<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mqj9nc2r-d550b06307db5393466ff3767d8a85e5\">\n#top .togglecontainer.av-mqj9nc2r-d550b06307db5393466ff3767d8a85e5 p.toggler{\ncolor:#000000;\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .togglecontainer.av-mqj9nc2r-d550b06307db5393466ff3767d8a85e5 p.toggler.activeTitle{\nbackground-color:#ededed;\n}\n#top .togglecontainer.av-mqj9nc2r-d550b06307db5393466ff3767d8a85e5 p.toggler .toggle_icon{\ncolor:#000000;\nborder-color:#000000;\n}\n#top .togglecontainer.av-mqj9nc2r-d550b06307db5393466ff3767d8a85e5 p.toggler .toggle_icon > span{\ncolor:#000000;\nborder-color:#000000;\n}\n#top .togglecontainer.av-mqj9nc2r-d550b06307db5393466ff3767d8a85e5 .toggle_wrap .toggle_content{\ncolor:#000000;\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  id=\"faq-liste\"  class='togglecontainer av-mqj9nc2r-d550b06307db5393466ff3767d8a85e5  avia-builder-el-37  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  av-accordion-bg-alternate toggle_close_all'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\" >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-mqj9lik3-5e565f06f7a22c6630037bdb2a08383e'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-1' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-1' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"name\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-1' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"What are Card Sorting and Tree Testing and in what order are they used?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: What are Card Sorting and Tree Testing and in what order are they used?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: What are Card Sorting and Tree Testing and in what order are they used?\">What are Card Sorting and Tree Testing and in what order are they used?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-1' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-1' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Card Sorting and Tree Testing are complementary methods for optimizing the information architecture. Card Sorting is used first: users group content according to their own mental model, which provides the basis for a new navigation structure. Tree Testing follows afterwards: the developed structure is tested with users who are to solve concrete tasks. This sequential use \u2013 first understand how users think, then validate whether the structure works \u2013 is methodologically the most robust approach.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-mqj9mayy-e20eb0b32606a3fc8db1ab6297e8bb63'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-2' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-2' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"name\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-2' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Who are Card Sorting and Tree Testing suitable for?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Who are Card Sorting and Tree Testing suitable for?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Who are Card Sorting and Tree Testing suitable for?\">Who are Card Sorting and Tree Testing suitable for?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-2' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-2' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>These methods are indispensable when developing or revising website navigation, app menu structures or complex information architectures, and with extensive e-commerce catalogs. They are particularly valuable when internal stakeholders and real users have different mental models, which is often the case: teams think in internal categories, users think in usage scenarios. Card Sorting makes this difference visible.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-mqj9mkvx-3b7247bdb2f30e48a50da9a1a25f6212'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-3' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-3' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"name\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-3' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"What is the difference between open and closed Card Sorting?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: What is the difference between open and closed Card Sorting?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: What is the difference between open and closed Card Sorting?\">What is the difference between open and closed Card Sorting?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-3' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-3' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In open Card Sorting, participants name and group the cards freely according to their own understanding, without predefined categories. This provides insights into the mental model of users and is suitable for the initial development of an information architecture. In closed Card Sorting, participants assign cards to predefined categories \u2013 suitable for validating an existing structure. In practice, we often recommend the open approach, as it delivers more unexpected insights.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-mqj9n16h-325e54016865fa1e54d78a3b5c5c1c86'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-4' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-4' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"name\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-4' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"What do Card Sorting and Tree Testing cost?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: What do Card Sorting and Tree Testing cost?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: What do Card Sorting and Tree Testing cost?\">What do Card Sorting and Tree Testing cost?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-4' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-4' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The cost depends on the scope, the number of participants and the desired level of detail of the analysis. We advise you individually on the optimal sample size to ensure valid and reliable results.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-mqj9nb5l-a9cfcf63efb4330786a09e6e4b52c46c'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-5' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-5' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"name\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-5' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"How many participants are needed for Card Sorting and Tree Testing?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: How many participants are needed for Card Sorting and Tree Testing?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: How many participants are needed for Card Sorting and Tree Testing?\">How many participants are needed for Card Sorting and Tree Testing?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-5' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-5' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>For meaningful results, approximately 100 participants are generally recommended, depending on the homogeneity of the target group and the complexity of the content structure. We advise you individually on the optimal sample size and method of conducting the study.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_section-e1e536b39bc3dbceeaefbda690801d63\">\n.avia-section.av-av_section-e1e536b39bc3dbceeaefbda690801d63{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n.avia-section.av-av_section-e1e536b39bc3dbceeaefbda690801d63 .av-extra-border-element .av-extra-border-inner{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_11'  class='avia-section av-av_section-e1e536b39bc3dbceeaefbda690801d63 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  inclined-lines-nova avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-5vw av-height-percent_width  container_wrap fullsize'   data-av_minimum_height_pc='5' data-av_min_height_opt='percent_width'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-39  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><div class='av-extra-border-element border-extra-diagonal border-extra-diagonal-inverse '><div class='av-extra-border-outer'><div class='av-extra-border-inner'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_section-6005fee45f0716750fff497ace50db0b\">\n.avia-section.av-av_section-6005fee45f0716750fff497ace50db0b{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_12'  class='avia-section av-av_section-6005fee45f0716750fff497ace50db0b main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-40  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-31129'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-af89a52d51412774536fa272e468f7cd\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-af89a52d51412774536fa272e468f7cd{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-af89a52d51412774536fa272e468f7cd hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-41  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_full-9ca276794af783d3a4a49e9e9a07e2c5 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-42  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-m34e8y7t-43f0f503a2727405aed6c8f4c539df6d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Contact us<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-870f573001fb26fb38224e4bed2de2a9\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-870f573001fb26fb38224e4bed2de2a9{\nheight:60px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-870f573001fb26fb38224e4bed2de2a9 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-44  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_full-93f85a73d06b6d5aa3c6e3354cda6f3a\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_full-93f85a73d06b6d5aa3c6e3354cda6f3a{\nborder-radius:0px 10px 10px 0px;\npadding:0 0 0 0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_full-93f85a73d06b6d5aa3c6e3354cda6f3a av_one_full  avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_third  first no_margin flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m34ctycg-9631ac8c39cde34125183c01dd035ed2\">\n.avia-image-container.av-m34ctycg-9631ac8c39cde34125183c01dd035ed2 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-m34ctycg-9631ac8c39cde34125183c01dd035ed2 .av-caption-image-overlay-bg{\nopacity:0.4;\nbackground-color:#000000;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-m34ctycg-9631ac8c39cde34125183c01dd035ed2 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-m34ctycg-9631ac8c39cde34125183c01dd035ed2 av-styling- av-hover-grow avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-46  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  hex-bild noHover av-overlay-on-hover'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-image-caption-overlay\"><div class=\"av-caption-image-overlay-bg\"><\/div><div class=\"av-image-caption-overlay-position\"><div class=\"av-image-caption-overlay-center\"><p><span style=\"background-color: black;\">Michelle Baumbach<br \/>\nUX Research Manager<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-23123 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-23123 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.skopos-nova.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Michelle-Baumbach_300.jpg\" alt='Michelle' title='Michelle'  height=\"300\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.skopos-nova.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Michelle-Baumbach_300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.skopos-nova.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Michelle-Baumbach_300-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.skopos-nova.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Michelle-Baumbach_300-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.skopos-nova.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Michelle-Baumbach_300-180x180.jpg 180w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_third-565911f267be1a0d274efb1cfbaca64f\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_third-565911f267be1a0d274efb1cfbaca64f{\nborder-radius:0px 10px 10px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-565911f267be1a0d274efb1cfbaca64f av_one_third  avia-builder-el-47  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_third-0bdb43dd6eac64d0983ac01d9d334e69\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_third-0bdb43dd6eac64d0983ac01d9d334e69{\nborder-radius:0px 10px 10px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-0bdb43dd6eac64d0983ac01d9d334e69 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-48  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-2jivlvh-63e097f8a6f89634aeba3c7c46e32611 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.5em;\">Michelle Baumbach<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: black; font-size: 19px;\">UX Research Manager<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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